One of the most common questions prospective students have is whether a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree or a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree is better. The more important question, however, should be which degree is better for you and the academic and career path you’re keen on. Ultimately your choice could shape your future. To make the right decision you must understand the key difference between BA and BSc degrees, their history and your own strengths and weaknesses.
A BA degree typically focuses on humanities, social sciences or liberal arts. A BSc degree focuses on natural sciences, mathematics and technology. Historically BA degrees were built on philosophy, theology and the arts while the BSC degree was developed out of a growing need for science education. Today, both well-regarded degrees offer various career prospects and opportunities.
Core differences between BA and BSc degrees
A BA is a broad-based degree which focuses on “the art of learning and critical thinking”. For example, the IIE BA degree provides students with a choice of two of the three core disciplines: English, Psychology and Communication Science. Students pursuing a BA explore subjects such as literature, history, languages and philosophy. The curriculum offers a “well-rounded education” and students are given the opportunity to grasp a comprehensive understanding of society and culture. A BSc, on the other hand, is more subject-focused. The aim is to develop analytical and quantitative skills to prepare you for a career in your chosen field. The curriculum offers education in scientific methods and technical principles.
Subject areas and specialisations
Understanding the subject areas and specialisations available under Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc) will help you make the right choice. These are the common majors and subjects areas that both degrees offer.
BA
- Humanities: English Literature, Philosophy, History, Religious Studies
- Sciences: Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology, Psychology
- Arts and communication: Fine Arts, Graphic Design, Media Studies, Theatre
- Languages and culture: Modern Languages, Comparative Literature, Cultural Studies
BSc
- Natural sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Sciences
- Engineering and technology: Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Information Technology
- Mathematics and statistics: Pure Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Actuarial Science
- Sciences: Nursing, Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, Nutrition
BA students have the flexibility to mix subjects to suit the career path they plan to take. A BSc lets students zero in on specific subfields within their major. If you are studying biology, you can specialise in ecology, genetics and other related fields by taking advanced courses.
Learning approaches and coursework
When discussing Bachelor of Arts vs Bachelor of Science degrees you must consider their distinct learning approaches, coursework, and assessment methods. The BA degree focuses on a broad liberal arts education, encouraging students to engage in critical thinking, analysis, and creative exploration. Learning is often discussion-based. Coursework typically includes essays, research papers, and creative projects, with assessments based on written assignments, presentations, and exams that gauge students' ability to articulate ideas.
The BSc is about scientific inquiry and technical skills, with a hands-on approach to learning. Students engage in data analysis, and problem-solving through laboratory work, field studies, and technical exercises. Lab experiments, technical reports, and problem sets form part of the coursework.
Skills developed between the two
When choosing between BA and BSc you must understand what skills you will acquire to make the right choice to fit into a professional setting. You will develop critical thinking, analytical reasoning and creative problem-solving when pursuing a BA. This will come from a deep analysis of texts, historical events and culture. These skills are vital in the marketing, public relations and education sector, while creative thinking will come in handy in consulting and project management.
The skills gained from BSc studies are technical skills specific to the field you choose. For example, you will develop programming skills to work in computer science. Learning to interpret data, apply scientific methods and your analytical thinking skills will prepare you for a career in engineering, technology or scientific research.
Career pathways and job prospects
Both the BA and BSc offer prospects that allow you to follow your ambitions. The career paths are diverse and vast:
BA
- Teaching
- Marketing and public relations
- Journalism
- Content creators
- Human resource management
- Arts and entertainment
BSc
- Engineering
- Information technology
- Biomedical science
- Environmental science
These days more BA graduates are finding opportunities in digital marketing, social media management and content strategy due to the rise of online platforms and remote work. Salaries vary depending on location, experience and expertise required. As technology advances, more BSc graduates are finding themselves in the data science, artificial intelligence and the cybersecurity sector. Even the demand for environmental scientists is growing as the focus on renewable energy deepens worldwide. Again, earning potential varies.
Choosing the right degree for you
Before you even start researching the academic requirements for BA and BSc, look at your own personal interests and career goals. Your choice of degree must align with these. If you’re creative and want to explore the arts field, the obvious choice would be to pursue a BA. If you enjoy science and learning technical skills, a BSc is the way to go. Before you make your final decision, speak to academic advisors and career counsellors.
Choosing between a BA and BSc requires understanding that both degrees are different and whatever you go with must position you well on your chosen career path. Understand that coursework and acquired skills differ. Do your research, speak to career counsellors, alumni and those working in your desired industry. The more information you have the better informed your decision will be.
About The IIE’s Varsity College
The Independent Institute of Education (The IIE) of which Varsity College is a brand, is South Africa’s largest registered and accredited private provider of higher education. At Varsity College we understand that no two students are the same or learn the same. That’s why we make sure a student’s education is shaped around them; how they like to learn, what they are passionate about, what makes them tick, and what makes them thrive. Our Education by Design approach allows students to grow into their best, and creates a space where they can live, learn and play – their way.